History of Palestine

 

Lately it occurs deep concern on the land of Palestine. Thousands of people were killed in the Israeli attack on Gaza that began on December 27, 2008. The world is turbulent. Some countries strongly oppose Israel even with sever diplomatic relations. The protest against the Israeli attack took place everywhere, including in Indonesia. However, the fighting may break out for several years.
Palestine does have a complicated history. Israel, which is the Jewish nation, the country established on Palestinian land. This led to the present situation develops. To better understand this conflict, so I tried to summarize the history of Palestine from the beginning to the conflict.
Palestine-Israel Region (swaramuslim.com)
Palestine-Israel Region (swaramuslim.com)
This paper is summarized from several sources, namely:

    Papers Umar Asasudin, M.A. entitled "The Role of Intellectuals in the Palestinian Liberation Struggle: Historical Approach"
    Speech Ikhrimah Shabri (Imam of Masjid Al-Aqhsa Palestine in 1992), entitled "Palestine: History of Struggle, Intifada and Israeli aggression against the Aqsa Mosque".
    Papers Dr. Roeslan Abdoelgani entitled "Solidarity Indonesia to Palestine: A Historical Overview"
All three are in the book "Palestine: Solidarity with Political Islam and the New World Governance", with the editor: M Riza Sihbudi & Ahmad Hadi, mold Library Hidayah 1992. This book is cored papers in the seminar "Indonesia Palestinian Friendship Week" January 13 to 18, 1992 in Yogyakarta.
Genesis after 1992 are summarized from:

    "Historical Tables Middle East" in the blog "Middle East Studies" by Dina Y. Sulaeman
    "The history of establishment of the State of Israel" by Panji Prabowo (Head of ITB GAMAIS 2008-2009) in his blog
    Kompas.com news in Israel's war on Palestine.
Happy reading!
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Palestinian territories originally occupied by several people, the nation and the Philistine Ammonit. Then, around the year 1000 BC, Palestine was conquered by King David as can he have kingship and David A.S. and his descendants, which is the Jewish nation, eventually became king there and homeland Palestine into Jewish nation from 1000 BC - 135 AD Palestine itself was ruled by the kingdom of Persia, Babylon, Egypt, and other kerjaaan kingdom interchangeably in that time span.
Mastered Palestinian territories of the Roman Empire
Around the year 100 BC came the power of Rome and in 63 BC, the Romans, under the reign of King Pompey, who controlled Palestine conquered kingdom. In 66 AD, the rebellion raised by the Jews. The war going on and the rebels lose and finally in AD 70, Jerusalem fell entirely into the hands of Rome.
Pompey King of the Romans (www.usu.edu)
Pompey King of the Romans (www.usu.edu)
At that time, Rome was not put pressure usually but gently treated colonies to unite with the nation's citizens negeranya colony. However, in the case of the Jews, this method does not work. Often arises melee of Jews. This led ultimately prevail hard to Rome and the Jews decreed deadly nasionalismen Jews worship by restricting their range.
In the end this decree makes a huge uprising of 200,000 Jews in Jerusalem led by Barcocheba. King Hadrian, who was leading the Romans to send Julius Sevenus and large number of troops to quell the rebellion and conquered Jerusalem. At that time, the Jews were defeated and expelled their rules barred from the city for whatever reason. Jerusalem made a Roman colony and Jewish places of worship, Jewish haikal, replaced by Roman supremacy symbol temple, the temple of Jupiter. From then spread out the Jews of Palestine. However, there is a small part that remained there.
After that, the influence of Christianity came to Rome, so that the growing spread of Christianity in Palestine. Christianity is growing in the area. Then, on the division of the Roman Empire in 395, Palestine came under the Byzantine Empire power, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire. At that Palestine become a prosperous region, the center of the development of the pilgrims (visiting places of worship sacred by Christians, Jews, etc..). But occasional torture to the Jews by people who mastered.
Year 611 AD, Chosroes II, king of the Persian Empire Sasan, attack that area. Followed by the Jews who wanted revenge. Jerusalem was captured. Church of the Holy Sepulchre was destroyed by land and possessions taken. Another church and its bishop arrested the same fate.
In 628 AD, King Heralcus of the territorial re-conquest of Byzantium. But the victory is temporary because of the advent of Islam that weaken the strength of the Byzantine Empire.
Palestinian Islamic Mastered
Islam appeared in 610 under the leadership of Muhammad. In the interval 610-632 years AD, the tribes of the Arabian region l been able to unite under his leadership were originally hostile. Islamic empire (Caliphate of Islam) after Muhammad's death under the leadership of Abu Bakr (632-634 CE) tried to wrest Palestine from the hands of the Byzantines. However, these efforts did not succeed and finally succeeded when the new Islamic Caliphate led by Umar. In 636, the Byzantines fell.
Under the leadership of 'Umar. occurs peace agreement between the government of Omar in Jerusalem with Christians, led by Bishop Sophronius. Umar himself had visited the Holy Rock (David as a place of worship., And where the Jewish Temple) and the place was a Masjid Umar. Came the influence of Islam in Jerusalem.
Disputes among the leadership of Muslims after the time of Prophet Muhammad and Khulafaurrasyidin (4 Companions of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, who led after the Prophet's death) led to the emergence of various Islamic dynasties change of dynasty led Muawiyah to Abbassiah Dynasty. In 685-705, Caliph Abdul Malik of the Abbasid dynasty embellish shrines of Jerusalem by building the Dome of the Al-Sakhrah, or the Dome of the Rock. In the year 929, there was a rebellion that robs Qaramithah Mecca. This led to the exodus of many Arabs to Jerusalem. In 1969, Egypt, occupied Fatima dynasty that declared independence from Abbasiyah Dynasty. There has been fighting between the two dynasties until 1072 and finally Palestine ruled by dynasty Fathimiah. Church of the Holy Sepulchre was destroyed during an attack Fathimiah the Abbasid Dynasty.Dome of the Rock (history.boisestate.edu)
Dome of the Rock (history.boisestate.edu)
At the time of the Crusades and later (1099-1900)
In 1099, Frank tribal attack came from Europe who brought to the area of ​​Jerusalem that brings 40,000 troops to take control of Jerusalem. Jerusalem stood subdued and eventually Latin kingdom in Jerusalem. This war is called the Crusades I. Palestine occupied by tribes Frank Christian. The existence of the Second Crusade which took place in 1147-1187 led to Palestine back in the hands of the Islamic Empire. Crusades lasted a few times but eventually culminated to the peace agreement.
In 1258, came the attacks of the Tartars under the leadership of Hulagu from Central Asia (Mongols). This attack was menakukan Baghdad, Damascus, and Syria. However, the arrival of troops from Egypt led to their defeat and ultimately the area was controlled by Egypt.
Mastered region Turkey (1516-1900)
In 1516, the Turkish conquest of Egypt which led to the area conquered Turkey. Turkey made the Palestinian territories as one of the province and the governor sent from Constantinople. Turkey controlled Palestine during the fourth century. Starting 1840, Turkey opened the Palestinians for the sake of economy. Finally emerging ports and European consulates. This led to increasingly smaller and growing influence of Turkish influence the consulate there. Had been the Crimean War (1854-1856) due to the competition between the Greek Orthodox and the Latin priest.Theodor Herzl (www.israelvets.com)
Theodor Herzl (www.israelvets.com)
In 1896, Theodor Herzl, founder of Zionism movement, issued a proposal to establish the state of Israel in Palestine. This is because the Jews were scattered and did not have control of the country since Roman Palestine. Finally, some Jews establish colonies in the Palestinian areas.
The establishment of the State of Israel
In 1914, there perselesihan between Great Britain and Turkey. Eventually led them to war. Palestine was made by the Turkish military headquarters. However, eventually winning the 1918 British official, and Palestine ruled by the British.
On 2 November 1917, exit declaration British foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour, known as the Balfour Declaration. This declaration contains about British support for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. This is caused by the Jews helped England to win the World War I and the British wanted to rule the Palestinians because it is a strategic region between Asia, Europe, and Africa.Arthur Balfour (www.firstworldwar.com)
Arthur Balfour (www.firstworldwar.com)
In 1920, the office of the British rule in Palestine (British Mandate of Palestine) stood up, his adl High Commissioner Herbert Samuel. After those years, Jewish immigration to Palestine increased. Newly arrived Jews, usually go into town and set up businesses there.
In 1929, started the riots between Arabs and Jews. This conflict is due to the seizure of the rights of some holy places in Jerusalem. In addition, based on the results of the investigation team that made Britain, this happens because the Arabs depressed with the purchase of land and Jewish immigration that eventually persuaded them.
In 1933, Jews numbered only 17% of the entire Palestinian people. However, after that time, when Hitler came to power in Germany and Poland, there was a wave of mass migration from Europe to Palestine. In that moment of political change in the Middle East. Egypt and Syria were independent growth of nationalism led to independence. Finally, to release Palestinian discourse arising from the UK.
In 1938, the Arab-Jewish Conflict peaked. Britain issued a mandate that essentially would divide Palestine into two parts, namely for Arabs and Jews to stop the split. However, several years later, the mandate was repealed and replaced with a white paper urging the government formed a joint between Arabs and Jews. White-paper is opposed by the Jews.
At that time, the Jews who lived in the United States play an important role in the American economy. This led to the United side with the interests of the Jews. Britain began to feel disturbed relationship with the United States finally handed of Palestine to the United Nations. England alone will draw its mandate of Palestine on March 15, 1948.
1 September 1947, the UN recommended that Palestine be divided into two, into the area for Jews and Arabs. Jews and Arabs living in Palestine competing for influence and resist the rule. Begin guerrilla wars involving both. However, unfortunately, the spirit of the Jewish people more than doubled Arabs there. In the event of war, the Arab nobility instead fled to other countries. Dated May 14, 1948, Israel proclaimed Jews. The next day, the United States recognizes the sovereignty of Israel.
Post-1948 Palestinian struggle(Red. From now on, the term Palestinians use for the majority Arab population living in Palestine were not the Jews)
The Arab states around Israel's presence in Palestine rejected it. Was war. Israel won, and ultimately controls all regions except the West Bank Palestinian-controlled Syria and Egypt controlled Gaza Strip. Occurs massive displacement of the Palestinians from Palestine. Palestinian population is divided into three, who lives in Israel's occupation, living in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, and who fled to areas outside Palestine. After that, frequent clashes between Israel and the surrounding countries. In 1964 established the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization), an organization that would be recognized as the only organization representing the aspirations of the Palestinian people. In the sequel, the PLO led by Arafat Yaseer.Yasser Arafat (www.mukto-mona.com)
Yasser Arafat (www.mukto-mona.com)
Pata 1967, 6 day war between Israel and Egypt. Egypt defeated so that Israel had occupied the area Sinnai. In 1973, Egypt and Syria unite to attack Israel, but Israel, winning control of the area to near the Suez Canal. Egypt finally recognized the state of Israel, in exchange for the region to be returned to Egypt Sinnai (listed in the Camp David 1978).
Since then, Israel occupied the Palestinian territories. Israel itself for the sake of zionismenya, established estates to the Jews in the Palestine area. Israel occupied the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. There, the Palestinians used the two-class society. Housing and terrorized them evicted. Palestinians continue to suffer under Israeli occupation.
As a result of the pressure the Israeli occupation, muncullan movement called Intifada in 1987. Intifada movement itself, which literally means "rebellion", a movement against Israeli soldiers armed with stones and slingshots. All aspects of the Palestinian people, both children and parents, men and women do struggle with throwing stones at Israeli soldiers, armed and armored bertank. In addition, the emergence of some militant groups, like Hamas in 1987, who had thought that the only way menguris Israel from Palestine is the holy war.A Child Throwing stones into the Israeli army (www.voltairenet.org)
A Child Throwing stones into the Israeli Army in the Intifada (www.voltairenet.org)Intifada (www.israelnewsradio.net)
Intifada (www.israelnewsradio.net)
Diplomacy Starting Line
On October 30, 1991, began the conference Madrid, between Israel and the Palestinians, represented by the PLO. The meeting continues so that at 13 September 1993, signed the Oslo Accords which contains the PLO was given autonomous region, ie 60% of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Ariha. Return, the PLO recognize Israel's existence. On July 1, 1994, Arafat entered Gaza in order to establish the Palestinian National Authority (the Palestinian National Authority; hereinafter referred to as PNA). In 1996 the first elections were held the Palestinians, Yasser Arafat was elected President. Next comes some agreements such as:

    January 17, 1997, the Treaty of Al Khalil signed the Israel-Palestine that contains 20% of the Israeli-controlled Hebron remains, the rest is left to the Palestinians.
    October 23, 1998, agreement signed by Israel-PNA Maryland. Contains Israel handed over most of the regions of the PNA in the West Bank, in return, promised to tackle the problem of terrorism PNA (referring to the act of terrorism itself HAMAS)
Palestinian territory is divided into two, namely the West Bank and Gaza, each separated by Israeli territory.Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, Yasser Arafat in Oslo Kesepekatan (kenraggion.com)
Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, Yasser Arafat in Oslo Kesepekatan (kenraggion.com)
On 28 Sept 2000, the Second Intifada began, led by Hamas. PNA itself in conflict with the Hamas party. PNA more chose to dialogue rather than war. On 26 Oct 2004, persistent struggle Intifada II made Israel overwhelmed and validate program withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. On, November 11, 2004 Yasser Arafat died. Leadership in the PLO succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas. September 2005 began the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Gaza Strip. This is the victory of Palestinian militants after 38 years. However, Israel continued to launch attacks and terror into the Gaza Strip. In addition, Israel established the boundary walls that isolate Palestinian settlements and expand housing for Jewish people.
In the 2006 elections, Hamas won the elections. However, most of the western countries reject the election because Hamas is a terrorist perceive the world. Hamas itself centered in the Gaza Strip.The military wing of Hamas (heavenawaits.wordpress.com)
The military wing of Hamas (heavenawaits.wordpress.com)
Several times clashes between Hamas and Israel that marked each rocket and missile launches in perbatasam. This forced a war going on. The war that last occurred in December 2008. After the ceasefire ended in November 2008, Israeli tanks entered Gaza border and Hamas militiamen fired rockets at Israel from the Gaza Strip. Finally, began the war that was marked with the date of December 27, 1998, Israel launched air strikes followed by a ground offensive into the Gaza Strip towards the pretext of wiping out Hamas. Wars take place until January 19, 2008, killing over 1200 Palestinians and dozens of Israeli soldiers. Unfortunately, most of the people who died not from the military. In fact, about 600 people are children and women.
At the time of this writing (January 21, 2009), Israel had withdrawn its forces from the Gaza Strip. Current state of Gaza city like melted lantah. The building was destroyed and the people who suffered physical and mental injuries of traumatic war. Hospitals full of the wounded and the people who live there shortages of food and medicine. Although aid has been entered, but is expected to Gaza will not recover any time soon. In fact, deadaan in Palestine is still possible to be war again. Other victims may still be falling.